Goal

When the kidney function is less than 15% and if it is gradually unable to eliminate the nitrogen-containing waste and water produced by metabolism in the body, dialysis will be needed to eliminate the symptoms of urine toxicity (vomiting, anemia, edema, etc.), and then return to normal life.

Long-term hemodialysis patients need to have adequate nutritional support to avoid the occurrence of uncomfortable symptoms and improve the quality of life as following dietary principles of hemodialysis.

General principles: enough calories

• To maintain a reasonable weight as the principle of daily caloric requirements based on age sex physical activity level, 25-35 kcal per kg dry body weight.

General principles: enough protein

• Hemodialysis patients can often see insufficient protein intake, resulting in malnutrition because of the loss of 7-10 grams of protein during the dialysis process, so the protein requirement of hemodialysis patients is higher, 1.0-1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight, of which 1/2 to 2/3 should come from high-quality protein, avoid ingestion of low-quality protein.
• Soybean protein is a good source of protein for dialysis patients, and it is the only high-quality protein among plant proteins, and the nitrogen-containing waste generated is lower than animal protein, so it can be taken more.

General principles: enough vitamins

• Dialysis patients may be deficient in vitamin B1, B6, folate, vitamin C and vitamin D, and may be supplemented with supplements if they are deficient.

General principles: Minerals balance

• Phosphorus: Avoid foods high in phosphorus (such as stewed supplements risotto, nuts, coffee, cocoa, etc.), as well as the correct use of phosphorus binders, dialysis patients can not maintain normal blood phosphorus without phosphorus binders please refer to the restriction of phosphorus and potassium diet principles
• Potassium: Avoid foods high in potassium (such as lettuce, soup, melon, cantaloupe, etc.), please refer to the restriction of low phosphorus and potassium diet principle.
• Salt (sodium) control: food can be served in a normal salty cooking way but avoid all kinds of pickled products, and canned and processed foods. Avoid intake of chicken and beef essence because both of them contain high levels of sodium and potassium.
• Iron: Intake food with high iron content such as such as pig blood and, duck blood, red meat (beef and mutton) mackerel and salmon.
• Zinc: Take zinc to stimulate appetite and increase taste sensitivity like oysters and other seafood.

General principles: proper fluids

• The weight change between the two dialysis should not exceed 5% of dry body weight.
• Containers providing a fixed amount of water to precisely supply water intake required for a good day.
• available water intake = the previous day's urine volume + 500-700c.c
• If you are thirsty, add a small amount of ice cubes, chewing gum.